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Compare French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2002) - Tonga (2001)

Compare French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2002) z Tonga (2001)

 French Southern and Antarctic Lands (2002)Tonga (2001)
 French Southern and Antarctic LandsTonga
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, and Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u
Age structure - 0-14 years:
40.93% (male 21,739; female 20,916)

15-64 years:
54.99% (male 28,231; female 29,082)

65 years and over:
4.08% (male 1,912; female 2,347) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish
Airports none (2001) 6 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
5

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 7,829 sq km


land: 7,829 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US		 total:
748 sq km

land:
718 sq km

water:
30 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Delaware four times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Southern Lands consist of two archipelagos, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen, and two volcanic islands, Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul. They contain no permanent inhabitants and are visited only by researchers studying the native fauna. The Antarctic portion consists of "Adelie Land," a thin slice of the Antarctic continent discovered and claimed by the French in 1840. The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific.
Birth rate - 23.59 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$49 million

expenditures:
$120 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million (FY96/97 est.)
Capital - Nuku'alofa
Climate antarctic tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Coastline 1,232 km 419 km
Constitution - 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967
Country name conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands


conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands


local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises


local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises		 conventional long form:
Kingdom of Tonga

conventional short form:
Tonga

former:
Friendly Islands
Currency - pa'anga (TOP)
Death rate - 5.74 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $62 million (1998)
Dependency status overseas territory of France since 1955; administered from Paris by Administrateur Superieur Francois GARDE (since 24 May 2000), assisted by Secretary General Jean-Yves HERMOSO (since NA) -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of France) the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of France) Tonga does not have an embassy in the US; Ambassador Fetu'utolo TUPOU, resides in London; address: Embassy of the Kingdom of Tonga, c/o Tonga High Commission, 36 Molyneux Street, London W1H 6AB, telephone [44] (171) 724-5828, FAX [44] (171) 723-9074

consulate(s) general:
San Francisco
Disputes - international "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica is not recognized by the US none
Economic aid - recipient - $38.8 million (1995)
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion. Tonga has a small, open economy with a narrow export base in agricultural goods, which contributes 30% to GDP. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The industrial sector accounts for only 10% of GDP. Tourism is the primary source of hard currency earnings. The country remains dependent on sizable external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonable basic infrastructure and well-developed social services.
Electricity - consumption - 32.6 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 35 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Ross on Iles Kerguelen 1,850 m		 lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
Environment - current issues NA deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - Polynesian, Europeans about 300
Exchange rates - pa'anga per US dollar - 1.9885 (January 2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999), 1.4920 (1998), 1.2635 (1997), 1.2323 (1996)
Executive branch - chief of state:
King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)

head of government:
Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the monarch

note:
there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch and the Cabinet

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch
Exports - $8 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Exports - commodities - squash, fish, vanilla beans
Exports - partners - Japan 53%, US 18%, NZ 6%, Australia 6% (1997 est.)
Fiscal year - 1 July - 30 June
Flag description the flag of France is used red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner
GDP - purchasing power parity - $225 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
30%

industry:
10%

services:
60% (1997)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 43 00 S, 67 00 E 20 00 S, 175 00 W
Geography - note islands component is widely scattered across remote locations in the southern Indian Ocean archipelago of 170 islands (36 inhabited)
Highways - total:
680 km

paved:
184 km

unpaved:
496 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $69 million (f.o.b., 1998)
Imports - commodities - foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
Imports - partners - NZ 30%, Australia 19%, US 11%, UK 11%, Japan 3% (1997 est.)
Independence - 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Industrial production growth rate - 8.6% (FY98/99)
Industries - tourism, fishing
Infant mortality rate - 14.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 7% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court)
Labor force - 34,000 (FY96/97)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 65% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)		 arable land:
24%

permanent crops:
43%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
11%

other:
16% (1993 est.)
Languages - Tongan, English
Legal system the laws of France, where applicable, apply based on English law
Legislative branch - unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held NA March 1999 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
percent of vote - pro-democratic 40%; seats - pro-democratic 5, traditionalist 4
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
68.25 years

male:
65.83 years

female:
70.78 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
can read and write Tongan and/or English

total population:
98.5%

male:
98.4%

female:
98.7% (1996 est.)
Location south of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land" Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references Antarctic Region Oceania
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM from Iles Kerguelen only


territorial sea: 12 NM		 continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,815,472 GRT/4,806,161 DWT


ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 5, chemical tanker 13, container 11, liquefied gas 7, petroleum tanker 19, roll on/roll off 11


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 2, France 62, Japan 3, Monaco 1, Norway 5, Sweden 1 (2002 est.)		 total:
8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,626 GRT/29,468 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 2, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France -
Military branches - Tonga Defense Services (includes Royal Tongan Marines, Tongan Royal Guards, Maritime Force, Police); note - a new Air Wing which will be subordinate to the Defense Ministry is being developed
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday - Independence Day, 4 June (1970)
Nationality - noun:
Tongan(s)

adjective:
Tongan
Natural hazards Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou
Natural resources fish, crayfish fish, fertile soil
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Human Rights and Democracy Movement [Huliki WATAB, chairman, Viliami FUKOFUKA, president, 'Akilisi POHIVA, vice president]
Political pressure groups and leaders - Pro-Democracy and Human Rights Movement [leader NA]
Population no indigenous inhabitants (July 2002 est.)


note: in 2002, there were 145 researchers whose numbers vary from winter (July) to summer (January)		 104,227 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 1.79% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios - 61,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.81 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 8,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 302 (1996)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (2001)
Terrain volcanic most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Total fertility rate - 3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 13.3% (FY96/97)
Waterways none none
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